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[FYI] Hintergrundwissen Wassenaar-Implementation EU/DE



Hier etwas zum Hintergrund der moeglichen Implementation bezueglich
der aktuellen Wassenaar-Spekulationen: Die EU hat seit einigen Jahren
ein Export Control Regime, das routinemaessig an die sich wandelnden
Gegebenheiten angepasst worden ist. Es ist also per se noch nicht
erstaunlich, wenn sich die europaeischen Wassenaar-Teilnehmer jetzt
EU-intern treffen, um Konsequenzen zu beraten. Denn entscheidend ist,
und das wusste sogar hunser ehemaliger Bundeskanzler schon, was hinten
herauskommt.

394R3381
Council Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 of 19 December 1994 setting up a
Community regime for the control of exports of dual-use goods OJ L 367
31.12.94 p.1

  http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_394R3381.html

Geaendert durch 395R0837 (OJ L 090 21.04.95 p.1) 

  http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_395R0837.html

Hinweise auf (geaenderte) Listen finden sich unter

            394D0942   
            94/942/CFSP: Council Decision of 19 December 1994 on the
            joint action adopted by the Council of the basis of
            Article J.3 of the Treaty on European Union concerning the
            control of exports of dual-use goods OJ L 367 31.12.94 p.8

            http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_394D0942.html

            Amended by 395D0127 (OJ L 090 21.04.95 p.2)            
            http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_395D0127.html

            Amended by 396D0613 (OJ L 278 30.10.96 p.1) 
            http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_396D0613.html

            Amended by 397D0419 (OJ L 178 07.07.97 p.1) 
            http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_397D0419.html

            Amended by 397D0633 (OJ L 266 29.09.97 p.1)
            http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_397D0633.html 

            Amended by 398D0106 (OJ L 032 06.02.98 p.1) 
            http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_398D0106.html

            Amended by 398D0232 (OJ L 092 25.03.98 p.1) 
            http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_398D0232.html


Die konkrete Liste findet sich in 

            394D0942   
            94/942/CFSP: Council Decision of 19 December 1994 on the
            joint action adopted by the Council of the basis of
            Article J.3 of the Treaty on European Union concerning the
            control of exports of dual-use goods
                 OJ L 367 31.12.94 p.8
                 Amended by 395D0127 (OJ L 090 21.04.95 p.2) 
                 Amended by 396D0613 (OJ L 278 30.10.96 p.1) 
                 Amended by 397D0419 (OJ L 178 07.07.97 p.1) 
                 Amended by 397D0633 (OJ L 266 29.09.97 p.1) 
                 Amended by 398D0106 (OJ L 032 06.02.98 p.1) 
                 Amended by 398D0232 (OJ L 092 25.03.98 p.1) 

http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_394D0942.html

-------------------------------- CUT --------------------------------

            394D0942
            94/942/CFSP: Council Decision of 19 December 1994 on the
            joint action adopted by the Council of the basis of
            Article J.3 of the Treaty on European Union concerning the
            control of exports of dual-use goods Official journal NO.
            L 367 , 31/12/1994 P. 0008 - 0163 Finnish special
            edition....: Chapter 2 Volume 15 P. 90 Swedish special
            edition...: Chapter 2 Volume 15 P. 90

            Amendments:
            Amended by 395D0127 (OJ L 090 21.04.95 p.2) 
            Amended by 396D0613 (OJ L 278 30.10.96 p.1) 
            Amended by 397D0419 (OJ L 178 07.07.97 p.1) 
            Amended by 397D0633 (OJ L 266 29.09.97 p.1) 
            Amended by 398D0106 (OJ L 032 06.02.98 p.1) 
            Amended by 398D0232 (OJ L 092 25.03.98 p.1) 


            Text:

            COUNCIL DECISION of 19 December 1994 on the joint action
            adopted by the Council on the basis of Article J.3 of the
            Treaty on European Union concerning the control of exports
            of dual-use goods (94/942/CFSP) THE COUNCIL OF THE
            EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on European
            Union, and in particular Article J.3 thereof, Having
            regard to the general guidelines given by the European
            Council on 26 and 27 June 1992, HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:


            Article 1 
            A joint action, aimed at protecting Member State's
            essential security interests and meeting their
            international commitments, on the control of exports from
            the Community of goods which can be used for both civil
            and military purposes, hereinafter referred to as
            'dual-use goods`, is hereby adopted. This Decision and
            Council Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 of 19 December 1994
            setting up a Community regime for the control of exports
            of dual-use goods (1), constitute an integrated system
            involving, in accordance with their own powers, the
            Council, the Commission and the Member States.

            Article 2 
            The list of dual-use goods shall be as set out in Annex I.
            That list shall apply for the purposes of Article 3 (1)
            and Article 19 (1) (a) and (2) of Regulation (EC) No
            3381/94.

            Article 3 
            The list of destinations to which Article 6 (1) (a) of
            Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 applies shall be as set out in
            Annex II.

            Article 4 
            The guidelines to be taken into consideration for the
            purpose of Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 shall
            be as set out in Annex III.

            Article 5 
            The list of goods to which Article 19 (1) (b) of
            Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 applies shall be as set out in
            Annex IV.

            Article 6 
            The list of goods and Member States to which Article 20
            (1) of Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 applies shall be as set
            out in Annex V.

            Article 7 
            This Decision shall be published in the Official Journal
            of the European Communities on the same day as Regulation
            (EC) No 3381/94. Any subsequent amendments to this
            Decision shall also be published in the Official Journal
            of the European Communities.

            Article 8 
            This Decision shall enter into force on the day of its
            publication. It shall apply from 1 March 1995.

            Done at Brussels, 19 December 1994.
            For the Council The President K. KINKEL 
            (1) See page 1 of this Official Journal.

            [...]

            1. 'Cryptography` (5) means the discipline which embodies
            principles, means and methods for the transformation of
            data in order to hide its information content, prevent its
            undetected modification or prevent its unauthorized use.
            'Cryptography` is limited to the transformation of
            information using one or more secret parameters (e. g.
            crypto variables) or associated key management. NB:
            'Secret parameter`: a constant or key kept from the
            knowledge of others or shared only within a group. 3

            [...]


             5D1 SOFTWARE 5D001 a. 'Software` specially designed or
             modified for the 'development`, 'production` or
            'use` of equipment or materials specified in 5A001, 5B001
            or 5C001; b. 'software` specially designed or modified to
            support 'technology` specified in 5E001; c. specific
            'software` as follows: 1. 'generic software`, other than
            in machine-executable form, specially designed or modified
            for the 'use` of 'stored programme controlled` digital
            switching equipment or systems; 2. 'software`, other than
            in machine-executable form, specially designed or modified
            for the 'use` of digital cellular radio equipment or
            systems; 3. 'software` specially designed or modified to
            provide characteristics, functions or features of
            equipment specified in 5A001 or 5B001; 4. 'software` which
            provides the capability of recovering 'source code` of
            telecommunications 'software specified in this Category;
            5. 'software` specially designed for the 'development` or
            'production` of 'software` specified in 5D001. (For
            'software` for 'signal processing` see also 4D and 6D.)
            5E1 TECHNOLOGY 5E001 a. 'Technology` according to the
            General Technology Note for the 'development`,
            'production` or 'use` (excluding operation) of equipment,
            systems, materials of 'software` specified in 5A001,
            5B001, 5C001 or 5D001; b. specific technologies, as
            follows: 1. 'required` 'technology` for the 'development`
            or 'production` of telecommunications equipment specially
            designed to be used on board satellites; 2. 'technology`
            for the 'development` or 'use` of laser communication
            techniques with the capability of automatically acquiring
            and tracking signals and maintaining communications
            through exoatmosphere or sub-surface (water) media; 3.
            'technology` for the processing and application of
            coatings to optical fibre specially designed to make it
            suitable for underwater use; 4. 'technology` for the
            'development` or 'production` of equipment employing
            'synchronous digital hierarchy` (SDH) or 'synchronous
            optical network` (Sonet) techniques; 5. 'technology` for
            the 'development` or 'production` of 'switch fabric`
            exceeding 64 000 bit/s per information channel other than
            for digital cross connect integrated in the switch; 6.
            'technology` for the 'development` or 'production` of
            centralized network control; 7. 'technology` for the
            'development` or 'production` of digital cellular radio
            systems; 8. 'technology` for the 'development` or
            'production` of 'integrated services digital network`
            (ISDN). 9. 'technology` for the 'development` of QAM
            techniques, for radio equipment, above level 4. 5E101
            'Technology` according to the General Technology Note for
            the 'development`, 'production` or 'use` of equipment
            specified in 5A101. PART 2 'INFORMATION SECURITY` Note:
            The control status of 'information security` equipment,
            'software`, systems, application specific 'electronic
            assemblies`, modules, integrated circuits, components or
            functions is defined in this Category even if they are
            components or 'electronic assemblies` of other equipment.
            5A2 EQUIPMENT, ASSEMBLIES AND COMPONENTS 5A002 Systems,
            equipment, application specific 'electronic assemblies`,
            modules or integrated circuits for 'information security`,
            as follows, and other specially designed components
            therefor: a. designed or modified to use 'cryptography`
            employing digital techniques to ensure 'information
            security`; b. designed or modified to perform
            cryptanalytic functions; c. designed or modified to use
            'cryptography` employing analogue techniques to ensure
            'information security`; except: 1. equipment using 'fixed`
            band scrambling not exceeding eight bands and in which the
            transpositions change not more frequently than once every
            second; 2. equipment using 'fixed` band scrambling
            exceeding eight bands and in which the transpositions
            change not more frequently than once every 10 seconds; 3.
            equipment using 'fixed` frequency inversion and in which
            the transpositions change not more frequently than once
            every second; 4. facsimile equipment; 5. restricted
            audience broadcast equipment; 6. civil television
            equipment; d. designed or modified to suppress the
            compromising emanations of information-bearing signals;
            NOTE: 5A002.d does not specify equipment specially
            designed to suppress emanations for health or safety
            reasons. e. designed or modified to use cryptographic
            techniques to generate the spreading code for 'spread
            spectrum` or the hopping code for 'frequency agility`
            systems; f. designed or modified to provide certified or
            certifiable 'multilevel security` or user isolation at a
            level exceeding Class B2 of the trusted computer system
            evaluation criteria (TCSEC) or equivalent; g.
            communications cable systems designed or modified using
            mechanical, electrical or electronic means to detect
            surreptitious intrusion. Note: 5A002 does not control: a.
            'Personalized smart cards` using 'cryptography` restricted
            for use only in equipment or systems, as follows: 1.
            excluded from control under 5A002.c.1 to c.6; 2. excluded
            from control under b, c or e of this Note; 3. a. access
            control equipment, such as automatic teller machines,
            self-service statement printers or point of sale
            terminals, which protects password or personal
            identification numbers (PIN) or similar data to prevent
            unauthorized access to facilities but does not allow for
            encryption of files or text, except as directly related to
            the password or PIN protection; b. data authentication
            equipment which calculates a Message Authentication Code
            (MAC) or similar result to ensure no alteration of text
            has taken place, or to authenticate users, but does not
            allow for encryption of data, text or other media other
            than that needed for the authentication; c. cryptographic
            equipment specially designed, developed or modified for
            use in machines for banking or money transactions, such as
            automatic teller machines, self-service statement
            printers, point of sale terminals, or equipment for the
            encryption of interbanking transactions, and intended for
            use only in such applications; d. portable (personal) or
            mobile radiotelephones for civil use, e.g. for use with
            commercial civil cellular radiocommunications systems,
            containing encryption; b. equipment containing 'fixed`
            data compression or coding techniques; c. receiving
            equipment for radio broadcast, pay television or similar
            restricted audience television of the consumer type,
            without digital encryption and where digital decryption is
            limited to the video, audio or management functions; d.
            portable (personal) or mobile radiotelephones for civil
            use, e.g., or use with commercial civil cellular
            radiocommunications systems, containing encryption, when
            accompanying their users; e. decryption functions
            specially designed to allow the execution of
            copy-protected 'software`, provided the decryption
            functions are not user-accessible. 5B2 TEST, INSPECTION
            AND PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT 5B002 a. Equipment specially
            designed for: 1. the development of equipment of functions
            specified in 5A002, 5B002, 5D002 or 5E002, including
            measuring or test equipment; 2. the production of
            equipment or functions specified in 5A002, 5B002, 5D002 or
            5E002, including measuring, test, repair or production
            equipment. b. Measuring equipment specially designed to
            evaluate and validate the 'information security` functions
            specified in 5A002 or 5D002. 5C2 MATERIALS None 5D2
            SOFTWARE 5D002 a. 'Software` specially designed or
            modified for the 'development`, 'production` or 'use` of
            equipment or 'software` specified in 5A002, 5B002 or
            5D002. b. 'Software` specially designed or modified to
            support 'technology` specified in 6E002. c. Specific
            'software` as follows: 1. 'software` having the
            characteristics, or performing or simulating the functions
            of the equipment specified in 5D002 or 5B002; 2.
            'software` to certify 'software` specified in 5D002.c.1;
            3. 'software` designed or modified to protect against
            malicious computer damage, e.g. viruses. Note: 5D002 does
            not control: a. 'software` 'required` for the 'use` of
            equipment excluded from control under the note to 5A002;
            b. 'software` providing any of the functions of equipment
            excluded from control under the note to 5A002. 5E2
            TECHNOLOGY 5E002 'Technology` according to the General
            Technology Note for the 'development`, 'production` or
            'use` of equipment or 'software` specified in 5A002, 5B002
            or 5D002.

            [...]

-------------------------------- CUT --------------------------------


Zur Gesetzeslage in DE: Aussenwirtschaftsgesetz 

  http://mlujurs1.jura.uni-halle.de/meng/forschg/intwr/awg.htm


Axel H Horns